This study on money is not copyrighted. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for the purpose of helping the American people.

Preface

The love of money is the root of all evil.

1 Tim. 6:10

If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.

Exodus 22:25

Take no usury of him, or increase … thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury.

Leviticus 25:36-67

Unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: That the Lord thy God may bless thee.

Deuteronomy 23:20

In the early Church, any interest on debt was considered usury.

If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their money, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them (around the banks), will deprive the people of their property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered.

Thomas Jefferson

Three Types of Conquest

History reveals nations can be conquered by the use of one or more of three methods. The most common is conquest by war. In time, though, this method usually falls, because the captives hate the captors and rise up and drive them out if they can. Much force is needed to maintain control, making it expensive for the conquering nation.

A second method is by religion, where men are convinced they must give their captors part of their earnings as obedience to God. Such a captivity is vulnerable to philosophical exposure or by overthrow by armed force, since religion by its nature lacks military force to regain control, once its captives become disillusioned.

The third method can be called economic conquest. It takes place when nations are placed under tribute without the use of visible force or coercion, so that the victims do not realize they have been conquered. Tribute is collected from them in the form of legal debts and taxes, and they believe they are paying it for their own good, for the good of others, or to protect all from some enemy. Their captors become their benefactors and protectors. Although this is the slowest to impose, it is often quite long-lasting, as the captives do not see any military force arrayed against them, their religion is left more or less intact, they have freedom to speak and to travel, and they participate in elections for their rulers. Without realizing it, they are conquered, and the instruments of their own society are used to transfer their wealth to their captors and make the conquest complete.

In 1900 the average American worker paid few taxes and had little debt. Last year payments on debts and taxes took more than half of what he earned. Is it possible a form of conquest has been imposed on our people? Read the following pages and decide for yourself. And may God have mercy on this once debt-free and great nation, in Christ —

Sheldon Emry

Introduction

In 1901 the national debt of the United States was less than $1 billion. It stayed at less than $1 billion until we got into World War I. Then it jumped to $25 billion.

The national debt nearly doubled between World War I and World War II, increasing from $25 to $49 billion.

Between 1942 and 1952, the debt zoomed from $72 billion to $265 billion. In 1962 it was $303 billion. By 1970, the debt had increased to $383 billion.

Between 1971 and 1976 it rose from $409 billion to $631 billion. The debt experienced its greatest growth, however, during the 1980s, fueled by an unprecedented peacetime military buildup. In 1998, the outstanding public debt will roar past $5.5 trillion.

The unconstitutional share of this debt for every man, woman and child is currently $20,594.86 and will continue to increase an average of $630 million every day, which doesn’t include the $26 trillion in individual credit card debts, mortgages, automobile leases and so on.

U.S. NATIONAL DEBT

The Outstanding Public Debt as of 08/25/98 at 10:28:37 AM PDT is: $5,516,699,306,752.93

The estimated population of the United States is 270,374,697, so each citizen’s share of this debt is $20,403.90.

Today, as we stand before the dawn of a New World Order run by internationalist financiers, most of the revenue collected by the Federal government in the form of individual income taxes will go straight to paying the interest on the debt alone. At the rate the debt is increasing, eventually we’ll reach a point where, even if the government takes every penny of its citizens’ income via taxation, it will still not collect enough to keep up with the interest payments.

The government will own nothing, the people will own nothing, and the banks will own everything. The New World Order will foreclose on America.

If the present trend continues, and there is no evidence whatsoever that it will not continue, we can expect the national debt to nearly double again within the next six to eight years. By then, the interest on the debt alone should be in the $400 billion a year range.

The real story of the money-control over America

Debts for the people

Americans, living in what is called the richest nation on earth, seem always to be short of money. It’s impossible for many families to make ends meet unless both parents are in the work force.

Men and women hope for overtime hours or take part time jobs evenings and weekends; children look for odd jobs for spending money; the family debt climbs higher.

Psychologists say one of the biggest causes of family quarrels and breakups is arguing over money. Much of this trouble can be traced to our present debt-money system.

Too few Americans realize why the Founders wrote into Article I of the U.S. Constitution:

Congress shall have the power to coin money and regulate the value thereof.

Thomas Jefferson

They did this, as we will show, in the hope that it would prevent love of money from destroying the Republic they had founded. We shall see how subversion of Article I has brought on us the evil of which God warns us in 1 Timothy 6:10.

Money is ‘Created,’ Not Grown or Built

Economists use the term create when speaking of the process by which money comes into existence. Creation means making something which did not exist before. Lumber workers make boards from trees, workers build houses from lumber, and factories manufacture automobiles from metal, glass and other materials. But in all these they did not actually create.

They only changed existing materials into a more usable and, therefore, more valuable form. This is not so with money. Here, and here alone, man actually creates something out of nothing. A piece of paper of little value is printed so that it is worth a piece of lumber. With different figures it can buy the automobile or even the house. Its value has been created in the truest sense of the word.

‘Creating’ money is very profitable!

As is seen by the above, money is very cheap to make, and whoever does the creating of money in a nation can make a tremendous profit. Builders work hard to make a profit of 5 percent above their cost to build a house.

Auto makers sell their cars for 1 percent to 2 percent above the cost of manufacture and it is considered good business. But money manufactures have no limit on their profits, since a few cents will print a $1 bill or a $10,000 bill.

That profit is part of our story, but first let consider another unique characteristic of the thing — money, the love of which is the root of all evil.

Adequate money supply needed

An adequate supply of money is indispensable to civilized society. We could forego many other things, but without money industry would grind to a halt, farms would become only self-sustaining units, surplus food would disappear, jobs requiring the work of more than one man or one family would remain undone, shipping and large movement of goods would cease, hungry people would plunder and kill to remain alive, and all government except family or tribe would cease to function.

An overstatement, you say? Not at all. Money is the blood of civilized society, the means of all commercial trade except simple barter. It is the measure and the instrument by which one product is sold and another purchased. Remove money or even reduce the supply below that which is necessary to carry on current levels of trade, and the results are catastrophic.

For an example, we need only look at America’s depression of the early 1930s.

Bankers’ Depression of the 1930s

In 1930 America did not lack industrial capacity, fertile farmlands, skilled and willing workers or industrious families. It had an extensive and efficient transportation system in railroads, road networks, and inland and ocean waterways. Communications between regions and localities were the best in the world, utilizing telephone, teletype, radio, and a well operated government mail system.

No war had ravaged the cities or the countryside, no pestilence weakened the population, nor had famine stalked the land. The United States of America in 1930 lacked only one thing: an adequate supply of money to carry on trade and commerce.

In the early 1930s, bankers, the only source of new money and credit, deliberately refused loans to industries, stores and farms. Payments on existing loans were required however, and money rapidly disappeared from circulation. Goods were available to be purchased, jobs waiting to be done, but the lack of money brought the nation to a standstill.

By this simple ploy America was put in a depression and bankers took possession of hundreds of thousands of farms, homes, and business properties. The people were told, times are hard and money is short. Not understanding the system, they were cruelly robbed of their earnings, their savings, and their property.

No Money for Peace, but Plenty for War

World War II ended the depression. The same Bankers who in the early 1930s had no loans for peacetime houses, food and clothing, suddenly had unlimited billions to lend for army barracks, K-rations and uniforms.

A nation that in 1934 could not produce food for sale, suddenly could produce bombs to send free to Germany and Japan! (More on this riddle later).

With the sudden increase in money, people were hired, farms sold their produce, factories went to two shifts, mines reopened, and The Great Depression was over!

Some politicians were blamed for it and others took credit for ending it. The truth is the lack of money (caused by Bankers) brought on the depression, and adequate money ended it. The people were never told that simple truth and in this article we will endeavor to show how these same bankers who control our money and credit have used their control to plunder America and place us in bondage.

Power to Coin and Regulate Money

When we can see the disastrous results of an artificially created shortage of money, we can better understand why our Founding Fathers, who understood both money and God’s Laws, insisted on placing the power to create money and the power to control it ONLY in the hands of the Federal Congress.

They believed that ALL Citizens should share in the profits of its creation and therefore the Federal government must be the only creator of money. They further believed that all citizens, of whatever state, territory or station in life, would benefit by an adequate and stable currency. Therefore, the Federal government must also be, by law, the only controller of the value of money.

Since the Federal Congress was the only legislative body subject to all the citizens at the ballot box, it was, to their minds, the only safe depository of so much profit and so much power. They wrote it out in simple, but all inclusive manner: Congress shall have the power to Coin Money and Regulate the Value Thereof.

How We Lost Control of the Federal Reserve

Instead of the Constitutional method of creating our money and putting it into circulation, we now have an entirely unconstitutional system. This has brought our country to the brink of disaster, as we shall see.

Since our money was handled both legally and illegally before 1913, we shall consider only the years following 1913, since from that year on, all of our money had been created and issued by an illegal method that will eventually destroy the United States if it is not changed. Prior to 1913, America was a prosperous, powerful, and growing nation, at peace with its neighbors and the envy of the world. But in December of 1913, Congress, with many members away for the Christmas Holidays, passed what has since been known as the Federal Reserve Act. (For the full story of how this infamous legislation was forced through our Congress, read Conquest or Consent, by W. D. Vennard).

Omitting the burdensome details, it simply authorized the establishment of a Federal Reserve Corporation, run by a Board of Directors (The Federal Reserve Board). The act divided the United States into 12 Federal Reserve Districts.

This simple, but terrible, law completely removed from Congress the right to create money or to have any control over its creation, and gave that function to The Federal Reserve Corporation. It was accompanied by the appropriate fanfare. The propaganda claimed that this would remove money from politics (they did not say and therefore from the people’s control)and prevent boom and bust economic activity from hurting our citizens.

The people were not told then, and most still do not know today, that the Federal Reserve Corporation is a private corporation controlled by bankers and therefore is operated for the financial gain of the bankers over the people rather than for the good of the people. The word Federal was used only to deceive the people.

More Disastrous than Pearl Harbor

Since that day of infamy, more disastrous to us than Pearl Harbor, the small group of privileged people who lend us our money have accrued to themselves all of the profits of printing our money — and more! Since 1913 they have created tens of billions of dollars in money and credit, which, as their own personal property, they can lend to our government and our people at interest (usury).

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer had become the secret policy of the Federal government. An example of the process of creation and its conversion to peoples debt will aid our understanding.

Billions in Interest Owed to Private Banks

We shall start with the need for money. The Federal Government, having spent more than it has taken from its citizens in taxes, needs, for the sake of illustration, $1,000,000,000. Since it does not have the money, and Congress has given away its authority to create it, the Government must go to the creators for the $1 billion.

But, the Federal Reserve, a private corporation, does not just give its money away! The Bankers are willing to deliver $1,000,000,000 in money or credit to the Federal Government in exchange for the government’s agreement to pay it back — with interest. So Congress authorizes the Treasury Department to print $1,000,000,000 in U.S. Bonds, which are then delivered to the Federal Reserve Bankers.

The Federal Reserve then pays the cost of printing the $1 billion (about $1,000) and makes the exchange. The government then uses the money to pay its obligations. What are the results of this fantastic transaction? Well, $1 billion in government bills are paid all right, but the Government has now indebted the people to the bankers for $1 billion on which the people must pay interest!

Tens of thousands of such transactions have taken place since 1913 so that in 1996, the U.S. Government is indebted to the Bankers for more than $5,000,000,000,000 (trillion). Most of the income taxes that we pay as individuals now goes straight into the hands of the bankers, just to pay off the interest alone, with no hope of ever paying off the principle. Our children will be forced into servitude.

But wait! There’s more!

You say, This is terrible! Yes, it is, but we have shown only part of the sordid story. Under this unholy system, those United States Bonds have now become assets of the banks in the Reserve System which they then use as reserves to create more credit to lend. Current reserve requirements allow them to use that $1 billion in bonds to create as much as $15 billion in new credit to lend to states, municipalities, to individuals and businesses.

Added to the original $1 billion, they could have $16 billion of created credit out in loans paying them interest with their only cost being $1,000 for printing the original $1 billion! Since the U.S. Congress has not issued Constitutional money since 1863 (more than 100 years), in order for the people to have money to carry on trade and commerce they are forced to borrow the created credit of the Monopoly bankers and pay them usury-interest!

Manipulating Stocks for Fun and Profit

In addition to almost unlimited usury, the bankers have another method of drawing vast amounts of wealth. The banks who control the money at the top are able to approve or disapprove large loans to large and successful corporations to the extent that refusal of a loan will bring about a reduction in the selling price of the corporation’s stock.

After depressing the price, the bankers’ agents buy large blocks of the company’s stock. Then, if the bank suddenly approves a multi-million dollar loan to the company, the stock rises and is then sold for a profit. In this manner, billions of dollars are made with which to buy more stock. This practice is so refined today that the Federal Reserve Board need only announce to the newspapers an increase or decrease in their discount rate to send stocks soaring or crashing at their whim.

Using this method since 1913, the bankers and their agents have purchased secret or open control of almost every large corporation in America. Using this leverage, they then force the corporations to borrow huge sums from their banks so that corporate earnings are siphoned off in the form of interest to the banks. This leaves little as actual profits which can be paid as dividends and explains why banks can reap billions in interest from corporate loans even when stock prices are depressed. In effect, the bankers get a huge chunk of the profits, while individual stockholders are left holding the bag.

The millions of working families of America are now indebted to the few thousand banking families for twice the assessed value of the entire United States. And these Banking families obtained that debt against us for the cost of paper, ink, and bookkeeping!

The interest amount is never created

The only way new money (which is not true money, but rather credit representing a debt), goes into circulation in America is when it is borrowed from the bankers. When the State and people borrow large sums, we seem to prosper. However, the bankers create only the amount of the principal of each loan, never the extra amount needed to pay the interest. Therefore, the new money never equals the new debt added. The amounts needed to pay the interest on loans is not created, and therefore does not exist!

Under this system, where new debt always exceeds new money no matter how much or how little is borrowed, the total debt increasingly outstrips the amount of money available to pay the debt. The people can never, ever get out of debt!

The following example will show the viciousness of this interest-debt system via its built in shortage of money.

The Tyranny of Compound Interest

When a citizen goes to a banker to borrow $100,000 to purchase a home or a farm, the bank clerk has the borrower agree to pay back the loan plus interest. At 8.25% interest for 30 years, the borrower must agree to pay $751.27 per month for a total of $270,456.00.

The clerk then requires the citizen to assign to the banker the right of ownership of the property if the borrower does not make the required payments. The bank clerk then gives the borrower a $100,000 check or a $100,000 deposit slip, crediting the borrower’s checking account with $100,000.

The borrower then writes checks to the builder, subcontractors, etc. who in turn write checks. $100,000 of new checkbook money is thereby added to the money in circulation.

However, this is the fatal flaw in the system: the only new money created and put into circulation is the amount of the loan, $100,000. The money to pay the interest is NOT created, and therefore was NOT added to money in circulation.

Even so, this borrower (and those who follow him in ownership of the property) must earn and take out of circulation $270,456.00,  $170,456.00 more than he put in circulation when he borrowed the original $100,000! (This interest cheats all families out of nicer homes. It is not that they cannot afford them; it is because the bankers’ interest forces them to pay for nearly 3 homes to get one!)

Every new loan puts the same process in operation. Each borrower adds a small sum to the total money supply when he borrows, but the payments on the loan (because of interest) then deduct a much larger sum from the total money supply.

There is therefore no way all debtors can pay off the money lenders. As they pay the principle and interest, the money in circulation disappears. All they can do is struggle against each other, borrowing more and more from the money lenders each generation. The money lenders (bankers), who produce nothing of value, gradually gain a death grip on the land, buildings, and present and future earnings of the whole working population. Proverbs 22:7 has come to pass in America. The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

Small loans do the same thing

If you have not quite grasped the impact of the above, let us consider an auto loan for 5 years at 9.5% interest. Step 1: Citizen borrows $25,000 and pays it into circulation (it goes to the dealer, factory, miner, etc.) and signs a note agreeing to pay the Bankers a total of $31,503 over 5 years. Step 2: Citizen pays $525.05 per month of his earnings to the Banker. In five years, he will remove from circulation $6,503 more than he put in circulation.

Every loan of banker created money (credit) causes the same thing to happen. Since this has happened millions of times since 1913 (and continues today), you can see why America has gone from a prosperous, debt-free nation to a debt-ridden nation where practically every home, farm and business is paying usury-tribute to the bankers.

Checking Up On Cash

In the millions of transactions made each year like those just discussed, little actual currency changes hands, nor is it necessary that it do so.

About 95 percent of all cash transactions in the U.S. are executed by check. Consider also that banks must only hold 10 percent of their deposits on site in cash at any given time. This means 90 percent of all deposits, though they may actually be held by the ban, are not present in the form of actual cash currency.

That leaves the banker relatively safe to create that so-called loan by writing the check or deposit slip not against actual money, but against your promise to pay it back! The cost to him is paper, ink and a few dollars of overhead for each transaction. It is check kiting on an enormous scale. The profits increase rapidly, year after year.

Our Own Debt is Spiraling into Infinity

In 1910 the U.S. Federal debt was only $1 billion, or $12.40 per citizen. State and local debts were practically non-existent.

By 1920, after only six years of Federal Reserve shenanigans, the Federal debt had jumped to $24 billion, or $228 per person.

In 1960 the Federal debt reached $284 billion, or $1,575 per citizen and state and local debts were mushrooming.

In 1998 the Federal debt passed $5.5 trillion, or $20,403.90 per man, woman and child and is growing exponentially.

State and local debts are increasing as fast Federal debts. However, they are too cunning to take the title to everything at once. They instead leave us with some illusion of ownership so you and your children will continue to work and pay the bankers more of your earnings on ever increasing debts. The establishment has captured our people with their debt-money system as certainly as if they had marched in with an uniformed army.

Gambling Away the American Dream

To grasp the truth that periodic withdrawal of money through interest payments will inexorably transfer all wealth in the nation to the receiver of interest, imagine yourself in a poker or dice game where everyone must buy the chips (the medium of exchange) from a banker who does not risk chips in the game.

He just watches the table and reaches in every hour to take 10 percent to 15 percent of all the chips on the table. As the game goes on, the amount of chips in the possession of each player will fluctuate according to his luck.

However, the total number of chips available to play the game (carry on trade and business) will decrease steadily.

As the game starts getting low on chips, some players will run out. If they want to continue to play, they must buy or borrow more chips from the banker. The banker will sell (lend) them only if the player signs a mortgage agreeing to give the Banker some real property (car, home, farm, business, etc.) if he cannot make periodic payments to pay back all the chips plus some extra chips (interest). The payments must be made on time, whether he wins (makes a profit) or not.

It is easy to see that no matter how skillfully they play, eventually the banker will end up with all of his original chips back, and except for the very best players, the rest, if they stay in long enough, will lose to the banker their homes, their farms, their businesses, perhaps even their cars, watches, and the shirts off their backs!

Our real life situation is much worse than any poker game. In a poker game no one is forced into debt, and anyone can quit at any time and keep whatever he still has. But in real life, even if we borrow little ourselves from the bankers, our local, State and Federal governments borrow billions in our name, squander it, then confiscate our earnings via taxation in order to pay off the bankers with interest.

We are forced to play the game, and none can leave except by death. We pay as long as we live, and our children pay after we die. If we cannot or refuse to pay, the government sends the police to take our property and give it to the bankers. The bankers risk nothing in the game; they just collect their percentage and win it all. In Las Vegas, all games are rigged to pay the owner a percentage, and they rake in millions. The Federal Reserve bankers’ game is also rigged, and it pays off in billions!

In recent years, Bankers have added some new cards to their deck: credit cards are promoted as a convenience and a great boon to trade. Actually, they are ingenious devices from the seller and 18% interest from buyers. A real stacked deck!

Yes, it’s political too

Democrat, Republican, and independent voters who have wondered why politicians always spend more tax money than they take in should now see the reason. When they begin to study our money system, they soon realize that these politicians are not the agents of the people but are the agents of the bankers, for whom they plan ways to place the people further in debt.

It takes only a little imagination to see that if Congress had been creating, spending and issuing into circulation the necessary increase in the money supply, there would be no national debt. Trillions of dollars of other debts would be practically non-existent.

Since there would be no original cost of money except printing, and no continuing costs such as interest, Federal taxes would be almost nil. Money, once in circulation, would remain there and go on serving its purpose as a medium of exchange for generation after generation and century after century, with no payments to the Bankers whatsoever!

Continuing Cycles of Debt and War

But instead of peace and debt-free prosperity, we have ever-mounting debt and cyclical periods of war. We as a people are now ruled by a system of banking influence that has usurped the mantle of government, disguised itself as our legitimate government, and set about to pauperize and control our people.

It is now a centralized, all-powerful political apparatus whose main purposes are promoting war, confiscating the people’s money, and propagandizing to perpetuate its power. Our two main political parties have become its servants, the various departments of government have become its spending agencies, and the Internal Revenue Service is its collection agency.

Unknown to the people, it operates in close cooperation with similar apparatuses in other nations, which are also disguised as governments.

Some, we are told, are friends. Some, we are told, are enemies. Enemies are built up through international manipulations and used to frighten the American people into going billions of dollars further into debt to the bankers for military preparedness, foreign aid to stop communism, the drug war, etc.

Citizens, deliberately confused by brainwashing propaganda, watch helplessly while our politicians give food, goods, and money to banker-controlled alien governments under the guise of better relations and easing tensions. Our banker-controlled government takes our finest and bravest sons and sends them into foreign wars where tens of thousands are murdered, and hundreds of thousands are crippled (not to mention collateral damage and casualties among the enemy troops.)

When the war is over, we have gained nothing, but we are billions of dollars further in debt to the bankers, which was the reason for the war in the first place!

And There’s More

The profits from these massive debts have been used to erect a complete and, almost hidden, economic colossus, over our nation. They keep telling us they are trying to do us good, when in truth they work to bring harm and injury to our people. These would be despots know, it is easier to control and rob a ill, poorly educated, and confused people, than it is a healthy and intelligent population, so they deliberately prevent real cures for diseases, they degrade our educational systems, and they stir up social and racial unrest. For the same reason, they favor drug use, alcohol, sexual promiscuity, abortion, pornography, and crime. Everything, which debilitates the minds and bodies of the people, is secretly encouraged, as it makes the people less able to oppose them, or, even, to understand what is being done to them.

Family, morals, love of country, the Christian religion, all that is honorable, is being swept away, while they try to build their new, subservient man.  Our new rulers are trying to change our whole racial, social, religious, and political order, but they will not change the debt-money-economic system, by which they rob and rule.  Our people have become tenants and debt-slaves, to the Bankers, and their agents, in the land our fathers conquered. It is conquest through the most, gigantic fraud and swindle, in the history of mankind. And we remind you again: The key to their wealth and power, over us, is their ability to create money out of nothing, and lend it to us, at interest. If they had not been allowed to do that, they would never have gained secret control of our nation. How true Solomon’s words are: The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender. (Proverbs 22:7).

God Almighty warned, in the Bible, that one of the curses, which would come upon His people, for disobeying His laws was: The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high; and thou shall come down very low. He shall lend to thee, and thou shall not lend to him; he shall be the head, and thou shall be the tail. Deut. 28:44-45

Most of the owners of the large banks, in America, are of eastern-european ancestry, and connected with the Rothschild European banks. Has that warning come to fruition in America?

Let us, now, consider the correct method of providing the medium of exchange (money) needed by our people.

Every Citizen Can Be A Stock Holder in America

Under the Constitutional system, no private banks would exist to rob the people. Government banks under the control of the people’s representatives would issue and control all money and credit. They would issue not only actual currency, but could lend limited credit at no interest for the purchase of capital goods, such as homes.

A $100,000 loan would require only $100,000 repayment, not $270,456.00 as it is now. Everyone who supplied materials and labor for the home would get paid just as they do today, but the bankers would not get $170,456.00 in interest.

That is why they ridicule and destroy anyone suggesting or proposing an alternative system.

History tells us of debt-free and interest-free money issued by governments.

The American colonies did it through colonial script in the 1700s. Their wealth soon rivaled that of England and brought restrictions from Parliament, which led to the Revolutionary War. Abraham Lincoln did it in 1863 to help finance the Civil War. He was later assassinated by a man many consider to have been an agent of the Rothchild Bank. No debt-free or interest-free money has been issued in America since then.

Several Arab nations issue interest free loans to their citizens today. (Now you can understand what all the commotion in the Middle East is all about, and why the banker-owned press is brainwashing American citizens to think of all Arabs as terrorists). The Saracen Empire forbade interest on money 1,000 years ago and its wealth outshone even Saxon Europe. Mandarin China issued its own money, interest-free and debt-free. Today, historians and art collectors consider those centuries to be China’s time of greatest wealth, culture and peace.

Issuing money which does not have to be paid back in interest leaves the money available to use in the exchange of goods and services and its only continuing cost is replacement as the paper wears out. Money is the paper ticket by which transfers are made and should always be in sufficient quantity to transfer all possible production of the nation to the ultimate consumers. It is as ridiculous for a nation to say to its citizens, You must consume less because we are short of money, as it would be for an airline to say, Our planes are flying, but we cannot take you because we are short of tickets.

Citizen control

Citizen Control of U.S. Currency

Money, issued in such a way, would derive its value in exchange from the fact that it had come from the highest legal source in the nation and would be declared legal to pay all public and private debts.

Issued by a sovereign nation, not in danger of collapse, it would need no gold or silver or other so-called precious metals to back it.

As history shows, the stability and responsibility of government issuing it is the deciding factor in the acceptance of that government’s currency — not gold, silver, or iron buried in some hole in the ground. Proof is America’s currency today. Our gold and silver is practically gone, but our currency is accepted. But if the government was about to collapse our currency would be worthless.

Under the present system, the extra burden of interest forces workers and businesses to demand more money for the work and goods to pay their ever increasing debts and taxes. This increase in prices and wages is called inflation. Bankers, politicians and economists blame it on everything but the real cause, which is the interest levied on money and debt by the Bankers.

This inflation benefits the money-lenders, since it wipes out savings of one generation so they can not finance or help the next generation, who must then borrow from the money-lenders and pay a large part of their life’s labor to the usurer.

With an adequate supply of interest-free money, little borrowing would be required and prices would be established by people and goods, not by debts and usury.

Citizen control

If the Congress failed to act, or acted wrongly in the supply of money, the citizens would use the ballot or recall petitions to replace those who prevented correct action with others whom the people believe would pursue a better money policy. Since the creation of money and its issuance in sufficient quantity would be one of the few functions of Congress, the voter could decide on a candidate by his stand on money and other legitimate functions of the Federal government, instead of the diversionary issues which are presented to us today. All other problems, except the nation’s defense, would be taken care of in the State, County, or City governments where they are best handled and most easily corrected.

An adequate national defense would be provided by the same citizen- controlled Congress, and there would be no bankers behind the scenes, bribing politicians to spend billions of dollars on overseas military adventures which ultimately serve the schemes of international finance.

Creating a Debt-Free America

With debt-free and interest-free money, there would be no direct confiscatory taxation and our homes would be mortgage-free without approximately $10,000-per-year payments to the bankers. Nor would they get $1000 to $3000 per year from every automobile on our roads.

We would need far fewer financial help in the form of easy payment plans, revolving charge accounts, loans to pay medical or hospital bills, loans to pay taxes, loans to pay for burials, loans to pay loans, nor any of the thousand and one usury bearing loans which now suck the life blood of American families.

Our officials, at all levels of government, would be working for the people instead of devising capers which will place us further in debt to the bankers. We would get out of entangling foreign alliances that have engulfed us in four major wars and scores of minor wars since the Federal Reserve Act was passed.

A debt-free America would leave parents with more time to spend raising their children. The elimination of the interest payments and debt would be the equivalent of a 50 percent raise in the purchasing power of every worker. This cancellation of interest-based private debts would result in the return to the people of $300 billion yearly in property and wealth that currently goes to banks.

Controlling Public Debate and Opinion

We realize that this small, and necessarily incomplete, article on money may be charged with oversimplification. Some may say that if it is that simple the people would have known about it, and it could not have happened.

But this conspiracy is as old as Babylon, and even in America it dates far back before the year 1913.

Actually, 1913 may be considered the year in which their previous plans came to fruition, opening the way for complete economic conquest of our people. The conspiracy is powerful enough in America to place its agents in positions as newspaper publishers, editors, columnists, church ministers, university presidents, professors, textbook writers, labor union leaders, filmmakers, radio and television commentators, politicians ranging from school board members to U.S. presidents, and many others.

These agents control the information available to our people. They manipulate public opinion, elect whomever they want locally and nationally, and never expose the crooked money system. They promote school bonds, expensive and detrimental farm programs, urban renewal, foreign aid, and many other schemes which place the people more deeply in debt to the bankers.

Thoughtful citizens wonder why billions are spent on one program and billions on another which may duplicate it or even nullify it, such as paying some farmers not to raise crops, while at the same time building dams or canals to irrigate more farm land. Crazy or stupid?

Neither. The goal is more debt. Thousands of government-sponsored methods of wasting money go on continually. Most make no sense, but they are never exposed for what they really are: Siphons sucking our Nation’s economic lifeblood. Billions for the bankers, debts for the people.

Controlled news and information

So-called economic experts write syndicated columns in hundreds of newspapers, craftily designed to prevent the people from learning the simple truth about our money system.

Sometimes commentators, educators, and politicians blame our financial conundrum on the workers for being wasteful, lazy, or stingy. Other times, they blame workers and consumers for the increase in debts and the inflation of prices, when they know the cause is the debt-money system itself.

Our people are literally drowned in charges and counter-charges designed to confuse them and keep them from understanding the unconstitutional and evil money system that is so efficiently and silently robbing the farmers, the workers, and the businessmen of the fruits of their labor and of their freedoms.

Some, who are especially vocal in their exposure of the treason against the people, are harassed by government agencies such as the EPA, OSHA, the IRS, and others, forcing them into financial strain or bankruptcy. They have been completely successful in preventing most Americans from learning the things you have read in this article.

However, in spite of their control of information, they realize many citizens are learning the truth. (There are several millions of Americans who now know the truth including former congressmen, former revenue agents, ministers, businessmen, and many others).

Therefore, to prevent armed resistance to their plunder of America, they plan to register all firearms and eventually to disarm all citizens, in violation of the 2nd Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. A people armed cannot be enslaved. Therefore, they only want guns in the hands of their government police or military forces--hands that are already stained with blood from countless acts of gross negligence and overt homicide, both at home and abroad.

Spread the Word and Do Something to Fix Things

The almost hidden conspirators in politics, religion, education, entertainment, and the news media are working for the banker-owned United States, in a banker-owned World under a banker-owned World Government! (This is what all the talk of a New World Order promoted by Presidents Bush and Clinton is all about.)

Unfair banking policies and taxes will continue to take a larger and larger part of the annual earning of the people and put them into the pockets of the bankers and their political agents. Increasing government regulations will prevent citizen protest and opposition to their control.

It is possible that your grandchildren will own neither home nor car, but will live in government owned apartments and ride to work in government owned buses (both paying interest to the bankers), and be allowed to keep just enough of their earnings to buy a minimum of food and clothing while their rulers wallow in luxury. In Asia and eastern Europe it is called communism; in America it is called Democracy and Capitalism.

America will not shake off her Banker-controlled dictatorship as long as the people are ignorant of the hidden controllers. Banking concerns, which control most of the governments of the nations, and most sources of information, seem to have us completely within their grasp. They are afraid of only one thing: an awakened patriotic citizenry, armed with the truth, and with a trust in God for deliverance. This material has informed you about their iniquitous system. What you do with it is in your hands.

What you can do

Pray for America’s release from this wicked money control, which is at the root of our debts and wars.

Send copies of this article to officials in your State and Local government, to school board members, principals, teachers, ministers, neighbors, etc. Ask them for their comments.

Write letters to elected or appointed officials. Write letters-to-the-editor to newspapers. Most small towns and suburban newspapers are not totally controlled, while most of the big city newspapers are.

Give or mail them out by the hundreds to awaken and educate other Americans to this fantastic plunder of the working people of America. The cost to you is VERY LITTLE compared to the BILLIONS in money and property being STOLEN from our people.

Quotes from prominent persons

VOLTAIRE (1694-1778)
Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value — zero.
PRESIDENT JAMES A. GARFIELD
Whoever controls the volume of money in any country is absolute master of all industry and commerce.
HORACE GREELY
While boasting of our noble deeds, we are careful to control the ugly fact that by an iniquitous money system, we have nationalized a system of oppression which, though more refined, is not less cruel than the old system of chattel slavery.
SIR. REGINALD MCKENNA, former President of the Midland Bank of England
Those who create and issue money and credit direct the policies of government and hold in the hollow of their hands the destiny of the people.
SIR JOSIAH STAMP, (President of the Bank of England in the 1920s, the second richest man in Britain)
Banking was conceived in iniquity, and was born in sin. The Bankers own the Earth. Take it away from them, but leave them the power to create deposits, and with the flick of the pen, they will create enough deposits, to buy it back again. However, take it away from them, and all the great fortunes like mine will disappear, and they ought to disappear, for this would be a happier and better world to live in. But if you wish to remain the slaves of Bankers, and pay the cost of your own slavery, let them continue to create deposits.
ROTHSCHILDS BROS. OF LONDON
Those few who can understand the system (check book money and credit) will either be so interested in its profits, or so dependent on it favors, that there will be little opposition from that class, while on the other hand, the great body of people mentally incapable of comprehending the tremendous advantage that capital derives from the system, will bear it burdens without complaint, and perhaps without even suspecting that the system is inimical to their interests.
ANSELM ROTHSCHILD
Give me the power to issue a nation’s money; then I do not care who makes the law.
PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON
A great industrial nation is controlled by its system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the Nation and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated governments in the world--no longer a government of free opinion, no longer a government of conviction, and vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and duress, of small groups of dominant men.

When President Woodrow Wilson died, he is reported to have stated to friends that he had been deceived and that I have betrayed my Country, referring to the Federal Reserve Act, passed during his Presidency.
PELATIAH WEBSTER
Paper money polluted the equity of our laws, turned them into engines of oppression, corrupted the justice of our public administration, destroyed the fortunes of thousands who had confidence in it, enervated the trade, husbandry, and manufactures of our country, and went far to destroy the morality of our people.
WILLIAM PATTERSON
The bank hath benefit of interest on all moneys which it creates out of nothing.
POPE PIUS XI
In the first place, then, it is patent that in our days, not wealth alone is accumulated, but immense power and despotic economic domination are concentrated in the hands of the few, who for the most part are not the owners but only the trustees and directors of invested funds, which they administer at their own good pleasure…This domination is most powerfully exercised by those who, because they hold and control money, also govern credit and determine its allotment, for that reason supplying so to speak, the life blood of the entire economic body, and grasping in their hands, as it were, the very soul of production, so that no one can breathe against their will…
IRVING FISHER
Thus, our national circulating medium is now at the mercy of loan transactions of banks, which lend, not money, but promises to supply money they do not possess.
MAJOR L. L. B. ANGUS
The modern banking system manufactures money out of nothing. The process is, perhaps, the most, astounding piece of sleight of hand that was ever invented. Banks can in fact inflate, mint, and un-mint the modern ledger-entry currency.
RALPH M. HAWTREY, (Former Secretary of the British Treasury)
Banks lend by creating credit. They create the means of payment, out of nothing.
ROBERT H. HEMPHILL (Credit Manager of Federal Reserve Bank, Atlanta, Georgia)
This is a staggering thought. We are completely dependent, on the Commercial Banks. Someone has to borrow every dollar, we have in circulation, cash or credit. If the Banks create ample synthetic money, we are prosperous; if not, we starve. We are, absolutely, without a permanent money system. When one gets a complete grasp of the picture, the tragic absurdity, of our hopeless position, is almost incredible, but there it is. It is the most, important subject, intelligent persons can investigate and reflect upon. It is so important that our present civilization may collapse, unless it becomes widely understood, and the defects remedied very soon.
CONGRESSMAN LOUIS T. McFADDEN and former Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency.
… we have in this Country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks … This evil institution has impoverished and ruined the people of the United States … Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are United States Government institutions. They are private credit monopolies which prey upon the people of the United States for the Benefit of themselves and their foreign customers.…

The Federal Reserve (Banks) are one of the most corrupt institutions, the world has ever seen. There is not a man, within the sound of my voice, who does not know that this Nation is run by the International Bankers.

Mr. Chairman, we have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Banks, hereinafter called the Fed. The Fed has cheated the Government of the United States and the people of the United States out of enough money to pay the Nation’s debt … The wealth of these United States and the working capital have been taken away from them and has either been locked in the vaults of certain banks and the great corporations or exported to foreign countries for the benefit of foreign customers of these banks and corporations. So far as the people of the United States are concerned, the cupboard is bare.

When the Federal Reserve Act was passed, the people of these United States did not perceive that a world banking system was being set up here. A super-state controlled by international bankers and industrialists … acting together to enslave the world … Every effort has been made by the Fed to conceal its powers but the truth is — the Fed has usurped the government.
JAMES MADISON
The prime function of government is the protection of the different and unequal faculties of men for acquiring property. History records that the money changers have used every form of abuse, intrigue, deceit, and violent means possible to maintain their control over governments by controlling money and its issuance.

The extension of the prohibition to bills of credit must give pleasure to every citizen, in proportion to his love of justice and his knowledge of the true springs of public prosperity. The loss which America has sustained since the peace from the pestilent effects of paper money on the necessary confidence between man and man, on the necessary confidence in the public councils, on the industry and morals of the people and on the character of republican government, constitutes an enormous debt against the States chargeable with this unadvised measure, which must long remain unsatisfied; or rather an accumulation of guilt, which can be expiated no otherwise than by a voluntary sacrifice on the altar of justice of the power which has been the instrument of it. In addition to these persuasive considerations, it may be observed that the same reasons which show the necessity of denying to the States the power of regulating coin, prove with equal force that they ought not to be at liberty to substitute a paper medium in the place of the coin. Number 44 of the Federalist Papers.

Paper money may be deemed an aggression on the rights of the other states.
ALEXANDER HAMILTON
To emit an unfunded paper as the sign of value ought not to continue a formal part of the Constitution, nor even hereafter to be employed; being, in its nature, pregnant with abuses, and liable to be made the engine of imposition and fraud; holding out temptations equally pernicious to the integrity of government and to the morals of the people.
ANDREW JACKSON
“If congress has the right under the Constitution to issue paper money, it was given them to use themselves, not to be delegated to individuals or corporations.

The bold efforts that the present bank has made to control the government and the distress it has wantonly caused, are but premonitions of the fate which awaits the American people should they be deluded into a per- petuation of this institution or the establishment of another like it … If the people only understood the rank injustice of our money and banking system there would be a revolution before morning.
FROM A SECRET AGENT — 1862
Slavery is likely to be abolished by the war power and all chattel slavery abolished. This I and my European friends are in favor of, for slavery is but the owning of labor and carries with it the care of the laborers, while the European plan, led on by England, is that capital shall control labor by controlling wages. The great debt that the capitalists will see to it is made out of the war, must be used as a means to control the volume of money. To accomplish this the bonds must be used as a banking basis. We are now waiting for the Secretary of the Treasury to make this recommendation to Congress. It will not do to allow the greenback, as it is called, to circulate as money any length of time, as we can not control that. But we can control the bonds and through them the bank issues.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
There should be no war upon property or the owners of property. Property is the fruit of labor; property is desireable; is a positive good in the world. That some should be rich shows that others may become rich, hence, is just encouragement to industry and enterprise.

I have two great enemies: the Southern Army in front of me, and the financial institutions to my rear. Of the two, the one in my rear is my greatest foe …

The Government should create, issue, and circulate all the currency and credits needed to satisfy the spending power of the Government and the buying power of consumers. By the adoption of these principles, the taxpayers will be saved immense sums of interest. Money will cease to be master and become the servant of humanity.

Yes; we may all congratulate ourselves that this cruel war is nearing its close. It has cost a vast amount of treasure and blood. The best blood of the flower of American youth has been freely offered upon our country’s altar that the Nation might live. It has been, indeed a trying hour for the Republic; but I see in the future a crisis approaching that unnerves me and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country. As a result of the war, corporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic is destroyed. I feel at this moment more anxiety for the safety of my country than ever before, even in the midst of the war.

I see in the near future a crisis approach which unnerves me and cause me to tremble for the safety of my country. Corporations (of banking) have been enthroned, an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until the wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the Republic destroyed.
SALMON P. CHASE, (Lincoln’s Secretary to the Treasury) who was the pilot of the 1863 banking act in the US never forgave himself, subsequently saying:
My agency, in promoting the passage of the National Bank Act, was the greatest mistake in my life. It has built up a monopoly which affects every interest in the country. It should be repealed, but before that can be accomplished, the people should be arrayed on one side, and the banks on the other, in a contest such as we have never seen before in this country.
OTTO VON BISMARCK, German Chancellor (1815-1898)
The death of Lincoln was a disaster for Christendom. There was no man in the United States great enough to wear his boots and the bankers went anew to grab the riches. I fear that foreign bankers with their craftiness and tortuous tricks will entirely control the exuberant riches of America and use it to systematically corrupt modern civilization.
LONDON TIMES -1865
If this mischievous financial policy [of creating a debt-free currency], which has its origin in the American Republic, shall become permanent, then that government will furnish its own money without cost! It will pay off its debts and be without debt. It will have all the money necessary to carry on its commerce. It will become prosperous without precedent in the history of the world. The brains and the wealth of all countries will go to America. That government must be destroyed or it will destroy every monarchy on the globe!
JOHN C. CALHOUN
A power has risen up in the government greater than the people themselves, consisting of many and various powerful interests combined in one mass, and held together by the cohesive power of the vast surplus in the banks.
LEON N. TOLSTOY
Money is a new form of slavery, and distinguishable from the old simply by the fact that it is impersonal — that there is no human relation between master and slave.
Frederic Bastiat,  The Law
When plunder becomes a way of life for a group of men living together in society, they create for themselves in the course of time a legal system that authorizes it and a moral code that glorifies it.
WN. COBBETT
I set to work to read the Act of Parliament by which the Bank of England was created in 1694. The inventors knew well what they were about. Their design was to mortgage by degrees the whole of the country, all the lands, all the houses, and all other property, and even all labor, to those who would lend their money to the State — the scheme, the crafty, the cunning, the deep scheme has produced what the world never saw before — starvation in the midst of plenty.
DARRYL R. FRANCIS, former President of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Since the direct method of printing money to finance government expenditures is prohibited in the United states, the monetization of government deficits has occurred indirectly … government debt is ultimately being financed by the creation of new money … I doubt that monetization of debt has a conscious act … I can find no benefits accuring to the whole of society from debt monetization, but the risks are very serious and can be expressed in one word, inflation In the case of debt monetization the immediate and even the short run impact is neither an increase in interest rates, and yet real resources are still being transferred from private to government use.
Page 24 Federal Reserve System Bd. of Gov.s
… in the practical workings of the banking system the bulk of deposits originates in the granting of loans … and his ability to make loans and investments arises largely from the receipt of his depositors’ money.

As we realize that banks create their own deposit debts … we begin to see why these institutions are often referred to as monetizers of debt …
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Modern Money Mechanics,
The actual process of money creation takes place in commercial banks. As noted earlier, demand liabilities of commercial banks are money., p.3.

Confidence in these forms of money also seems to be tied in some way to the fact that assets exist on the books of the government and the banks equal to the amount of money outstanding, even though most of the assets themselves are no more than pieces of paper —, p.3.

Commercial banks create checkbook money whenever they grant a loan, simply by adding new deposit dollars in accounts on their books in exchange for a borrower’s I.O.U., p. 19.

The 12 regional reserve banks aren’t government institutions, but corporations nominally owned by member commercial banks., p. 27.
St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, Review, Nov. 1975, p.22
The decrease in purchasing power incurred by holders of money due to inflation imparts gains to the issuers of money —.
Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Gold, p. 10
Without the confidence factor, many believe a paper money system is liable to collapse eventually.
Federal Reserve Bank, New York
Because of fractional reserve system, banks, as a whole, can expand our money supply several times, by making loans and investments.

Commercial banks create checkbook money whenever they grant a loan, simply by adding new deposit dollars in accounts on their books in exchange for a borrower’s I.O.U.
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
The actual process of money creation takes place in commercial banks. As noted earlier, demand liabilities of commercial banks are money.
ROBERT HEMPHILL, former Credit Manager of the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta.
If all the bank loans were paid, no one could have a bank deposit, and there would not be a dollar of coin or currency in circulation. This is a staggering thought. We are completely dependent on the commercial banks. Someone has to borrow every dollar we have in circulation, cash, or credit. If the banks create ample synthetic money we are prosperous; if not, we starve. We are absolutely without a permanent money system. When one gets a complete grasp of the picture, the tragic absurdity of our hopeless situation is almost incredible-but there it is.
WALTER WRISTON, former chairman of the Citicorp Bank
If we had a truth-in-Government act comparable to the truth-in-advertising law, every note issued by the Treasury would be obliged to include a sentence stating: This note will be redeemed with the proceeds from an identical note which will be sold to the public when this one comes due. When this activity is carried out in the United States, as it is weekly, it is described as a Treasury bill auction. But when basically the same process is conducted abroad in a foreign language, our news media usually speak of a country’s rolling over its debts. The perception remains that some form of disaster is inevitable. It is not. To see why, it is only necessary to understand the basic facts of government borrowing. The first is that there are few recorded instances in history of government — any government — actually getting out of debt. Certainly in an era of $100-billion deficits, no one lending money to our Government by buying a Treasury bill expects that it will be paid at maturity in any way except by our Government’s selling a new bill of like amount.
MERRILL JENKINS SR.
The right of distribution over private property is the essence of freedom.

Force-modern Money, then, has the power to create debt since it can command other goods, but is valueless itself. Money has purchasing power, but no value — without purchasing power. Fed. Notes must be accepted as a tender for debt, but are not money — so therefore — do not have money’s unique ability called purchasing power, what thing has purchasing power? What thing can force the public to offer its property and rights? Offer means to present for action or consideration; propose; suggest; it is a voluntary act. What thing can ‘force’ anyone into a voluntary act of offering. The words force and voluntary are exactly opposed and it is by the acceptance of this impossible concept of ‘voluntary force’ being ‘purchasing power’ that makes the public believe that something must be ‘money’ and have this unique power.
Congressman Jerry Voorhis
The banks — commercial banks and the Federal Reserve — create all the money of this nation and its people pay interest on every dollar of that newly created money. Which means that private banks exercise unconstitutionally, immorally, and ridiculously the power to tax the people. For every newly created dollar dilutes to some extent the value of every other dollar already in circulation.
RUSSELL L. MUNK, former Assistant General Counsel, Department of the Treasury
Federal Reserve Notes are not dollars.
PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS
All the perplexities, confusions and distresses in America arise not from defects in the constitution or confederation, not from want of honor or virtue, as much as from downright ignorance of the nature of coin, credit and circulation.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit letters of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. (Article I, Section 10)
U.S. Supreme Court, Craig v. Missouri, 4 Peters 410.
Emitting bills of credit, or the creation of money by private corporations, is what is expressly forbidden by Article 1, Section 10 of the U.S. Constitution.
George Bancroft
Madison, agreeing with the journal of the convention, records that the grant of power to emit bills of credit was refused by a majority of more than four to one. The evidence is perfect; no power to emit paper money was granted to the legislature of the United States.
JOHN FISKE
It was finally decided, by the vote of nine states against New Jersey and Maryland, that the power to issue inconvertible paper should not be granted to the federal government. An express prohibition, such as had been adopted for the separate states, was thought unnecessary. It was supposed that it was enough to withhold the power, since the federal government would not venture to exercise it unless expressly permitted in the Constitution. Thus, says Madison, in his narrative of the proceedings, the pretext for a paper currency, and particularly for making the bills a tender, either for public or private debts, was cut off. Nothing could be more clearly expressed than this. As Mr. Justice Field observes, in his able dissenting opinion in the recent case of Juilliard vs. Greenman, if there be anything in the history of the Constitution which can be established with moral certainty, it is that the framers of that instrument intended to prohibit the issue of legal-tender notes both by the general government and by the states, and thus prevent interference with the contracts of private parties. Such has been the opinion of our ablest constitutional jurists, Marshall, Webster, Story, Curtis, and Nelson. There can be little doubt that, according to all sound principles of interpretation, the Legal Tender Act of 1862 was passed in flagrant violation of the Constitution.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, MAY 11, 1972
Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are United States government institutions, they are not government institutions, they are private credit monopolies.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, JUNE 10, 1932, p. 12595
The Federal Reserve Board, and the Federal Reserve Banks are private Corporations.
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES, (chief architect of our current fiat-paper money system)
By a continuing process of inflation, governments can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizens.

If governments should refrain from regulation … the worthlessness of the money becomes apparent and the fraud upon the public can be concealed no longer.

Lenin is said to have declared that the best way to destroy the Capitalistic System was to debauch the currency … Lenin was certainly right. There is no subtler, no surer means of overturning the existing basis of society than to debauch the currency. The process engages all the hidden forces of economic law on the side of destruction, and does it in a manner which not one man in a million can diagnose.
CHARLES LINDBERG
Ever since the Civil War, Congress has allowed the bankers to control financial legislation. The membership of the Finance Committee in the Senate (now the Banking and Currency Committee) and the Committee on Banking and Currency in the House have been made up chiefly of bankers, their agents, and their attorneys … In this way the committees have been able to control legislation in the interests of the few.

This Act (Federal Reserve Act) establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President signs this bill, the invisible government by the Monetary Power will be legalized … The worst legislative crime of the age is perpetrated by this banking and currency bill. The caucus of the party bosses have again operated and prevented the people from getting the benefits of their own government.
BENJAMIN DISRAELI, former British Prime Minister
The world is Governed by very different personages from what is imagined by those who are not behind the scenes.
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN 
Money power denounces, as public enemies, all who question its methods or throw light upon its crimes.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
The great free nations of the world must take control of our monetary problems if these problems are not to take control of us.
ERNEST HEMINGWAY
The first panacea for a mismanaged nation is inflation of the currency; second is war. Both bring a temporary (and false) prosperity; both bring a permanent ruin. But both are the refuge of political and economic opportunities.
THE RT. HON. REGINALD MCKENNA (one-time British Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Chairman of the Midland Bank)
I am afraid the ordinary citizen will not like to be told that the banks can, and do, create and destroy money. The amount of finance in existence varies only with the action of the banks in increasing or decreasing deposits and bank purchases. We know how this is effected. Every loan, overdraft or bank purchase creates a deposit, and every repayment of a loan, overdraft or bank sale destroys a deposit.

And they who control the credit of the nation direct the policy of governments, and hold in the hollow of their hands the destiny of the people.
JOHN B. RARICK
Mr. Speaker, the current efforts by our Government to hold down price increases have served to focus the attention of thoughtful students on a little discussed facet of our money system, this system, because of a long procedure of miseducation and studied silence, is not now understood as it was prior to the adoption of the Federal Reserve system more than half a century ago. It is based upon debt; has serious implications for the future of our country, and invites what may be the greatest war in history … Every debt Dollar demands an interest tribute from our economy for every year that Dollar remains in circulation. These interest costs force up the price of every commodity and service and contribute greatly to inflation …

Under the Constitution, the Congress has responsibility of issuing the nations money and regulating its value Art. 1, Sec 8, Cl. 5, in a recent brilliant analysis of our money system by T. David Horton, Chairman of the Executive Council of the Defenders of the American Constitution, able Lawyer and keen student of basic American history, he suggests a proven remedy for our current predicament that will enable the Congress to resume its Constitutional responsibilities to regulate our nation’s money by liberating our economy from the swindle of the debt-money manipulators by the issuance of national currency in debt fee form … We have a certain amount of non-interest bearing money in circulation, all of our fractional currency, pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, and half dollars. They are manufactured in our mints, and are paid into circulation, circulate freely, and provide the government with a valuable source of revenue. From 1966 through 1970 the amount of seignorage paid into the treasury by the mints amounted to in excess of 4 billion dollars the profit ratio on this type of currency is 6 to 1, or currency 6 times the cost of production. The cost ration for Federal Reserve Notes is 600 to 1; however, during these same four years, 1986 through 1970, 50 billion dollars in Federal Reserve Notes were manufactured by the bureau of printing and engraving and turned over to the banks; not one cent in seignorage was paid over to the treasury … Our Debt money system compels the government to spend more than it takes in, because this is the only way we can keep the economy going …
GEORGE WASHINGTON
Every lover of his country will therefore be solicitous to find out some speedy remedy for this alarming evil. There is no possible substitute for the loss of commerce. Our first grand object, therefore, is its restoration. I presume not to dictate or direct. It is a subject that will require the deepest deliberations and researches of the wisest and more experienced men in America to fully comprehend. It probably belongs to no one man existing to possess all the qualifications required to trace the course of American commerce through all intricate paths and to those and only those that shall lead the United States to future glory and prosperity I am sanguine in the belief of the possibility that we may one day become a great commercial and flourishing nation. But if in the pursuit of the means we should unfortunately stumble again on unfunded paper money or any similar species of fraud, we shall assuredly give a fatal stab to our national credit in its infancy. Paper money will invariably operate in the body of politics as spirit liquors on the human body. They prey on the vitals and ultimately destroy them.

Paper money has had the effect in your state that it will ever have, to ruin commerce, oppress the honest, and open the door to every species of fraud and injustice. (letter to J. Bowen, Rhode Island, Jan. 9, 1787)

If ever again our nation stumbles upon unfunded paper, it shall surely be like death to our body politic. This country will crash.
JERRY JORDAN, Cleveland Fed Res Bank President
The failed attempts at influencing real economic activity during the late 1960s and 1970s are a clear warning of the damaging power of the central bank.
DENNIS KARNOFSKY, Chief economic adviser St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank
… what is a dollar its just something artificial we throw out there….what youre doing is you’re fooling people….
LAWRENCE PARKS, Executive Director, FAME
Bypassing voters, taxpayers and the public at large, Congress has delegated to the Fed a power that the Congress itself does not have.
LUDWIG VON MISES
Government is the only agency which can take a useful commodity like paper, slap some ink on it and make it totally worthless.
DANIEL WEBSTER
No other rights are safe where property is not safe.

Of all the contrivances devised for cheating the laboring classes of mankind, none has been more effective than that which deludes him with paper money.

We are in danger of being overwhelmed with irredeemable paper, mere paper, representing not gold nor silver; no sir, representing nothing but broken promises, bad faith, bankrupt corporations, cheated creditors and a ruined people.
THE BIBLE
If thou lend money to any of my people that is poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury. Exodus 22:25

Take no usury of him, or increase … thou shalt not give him thy money upon usury. Leviticus 25:36-37

Unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury: That the Lord they God bless thee. Deuteronomy 23:20

The rich rule over the poor,  and the borrower is servant to the lender. Proverbs 22.7

The stranger that is within thee shall get up above thee very high, and thou shalt come down very low. He shall lend to thee, and thou shalt not lend to him; he shall be the head, and thou shalt be the tail. Deut. 28:44-45
PELATIAH WEBSTER
Paper money polluted the equity of our laws, turned them into engines of oppression, corrupted the justice of our public administration, destroyed the fortunes of thousands who had confidence in it, enervated the trade, husbandry, and manufactures of our country, and went far to destroy the morality of our people.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
The refusal of King George to operate an honest colonial money system which freed the ordinary man from the clutches of the manipulators was probably the prime cause of the Revolution.

The Colonies would gladly have borne the little tax on tea and other matters, had it not been that England took away from the Colonies their money, which created unemployment and dissatisfaction.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
The system of banking we have both equally and ever reprobated. I contemplate it as a blot left in all our constitutions, which, if not covered, will end in their destruction, … I sincerely believe, with you, that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies; and that the principle of spending money to be paid by posterity, under the name of funding, is but swindling futurity on a large scale.

The eyes of our citizens are not sufficiently open to the true cause of our distress. They ascribe them to everything but their true cause, the banking system; a system which if it could do good in any form is yet so certain of leading to abuse as to be utterly incompatible with the public safety and prosperity. I sincerely believe that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies… and that the principle of spending money to be paid by posterity, under the name of funding, is but swindling futurity on a large scale.

… we must not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt … If we run into such debts as that we must be taxed in our meat and in our drink, in our necessities and comforts, in our labors and in our amusements, for our callings and our creeds … our people … must come to labor 16 hours in the 24, give the earnings of 15 of these to the government for their debts and daily expenses; and the 16th being insufficient to afford us bread,… We have no time to think, no means of calling the mis-managers to account; but be glad to obtain subsistence by hiring ourselves, to rivet their chains on the necks of our fellow sufferers. Our land holders, too …retaining indeed the title and stewardship of estates called theirs, but held really in trust for the treasury,… this is the tendency of all human governments. A departure from principle becomes a precedent for a second; that second for a third; and so on, till the bulk of society is reduced to mere automatons of misery, to have no sensibilities left but for sinning and suffering … And the fore horse of this frightful team is public debt. Taxation follows that, and in its train, wretchedness and oppression.

I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. Already they have raised up a money aristocracy that has set the government at defiance. This issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people to whom it properly belongs. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy of the moneyed corporations which already dare to challenge our Government to a trial of strength and bid defiance to the laws of our country.

I sincerely believe … that banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies, and that the principle of spending money to be paid by posterity under the name of funding is but swindling futurity on a large scale.

I place economy among the first and important virtues, and public debt as the greatest of dangers. To preserve our independence, we must not let our rulers load us with perpetual debt. We must make our choice between economy and liberty, or profusion and servitude. If we can prevent the government from wasting the labours of the people under the pretense of caring for them, they will be happy.

The Central Bank is an institution of the most deadly hostility existing against the principles and form of our Constitution.
GEORGE BANCROFT
Madison, agreeing with the journal of the convention, records that the grant of power to emit bills of credit was refused by a majority of more than four to one. The evidence is perfect; no power to emit paper money was granted to the legislature of the United States.
THOMAS A. EDISON
People who will not turn a shovel of dirt on the project, nor contribute a pound of material, will collect more money, from the United States, than will the people, who supply all the material and do all the work. This is the terrible thing about interest (usury) … But here is the point: If the nation can issue a dollar bond, it can also issue a dollar bill. The element that makes the bond good, makes the bill good, also. The difference, between the bond and the bill, is that the bond lets the money-broker collect twice the amount of the bond, and an additional 20%. Whereas the currency, the honest sort, provided by the Constitution, pays nobody, but those, who contribute in some useful way. It is absurd, to say that our country can issue bonds, and cannot issue currency. Both are promises to pay, but one fattens the usurer and the other helps the people. If the currency issued by the people were no good, then the bonds would be no good, either. It is a terrible situation, when the Government, to insure the national wealth, must go in debt and submit to ruinous interest charges, at the hands of men, who control the fictitious value of gold. Interest is the invention of Satan.
Phillip A. Benson, President of the American Bankers’ Association, June 8, 1939
There is no more direct way to capture control of a nation than through its credit (money) system.
F. A. Hayek
The history of government management of money has, except for a few short happy periods, been one of incessant fraud and deception.
Dr. Paul Hein
Freedom and fiat are incompatible; slavery and scrip are bedfellows.

Inflation (caused by paper money) is an evil which exerts its baleful influence throughout society. Gold and silver were gifts of God, and, short of the labor required to obtain them, were ours free. They didn’t have to be returned to the source, much less with interest! Inflation, on the other hand, is borrowed into existence from a privileged clique who, by the very nature of the process, enslave those who use it.
USA Banker’s Magazine, August 25, 1924
Capital must protect itself in every possible manner by combination and legislation. Debts must be collected, bonds and mortgages must be foreclosed as rapidly as possible. When, through a process of law, the common people lose their homes they will become more docile and more easily governed through the influence of the strong arm of government, applied by a central power of wealth under control of leading financiers. This truth is well known among our principal men now engaged in forming an imperialism of Capital to govern the world. By dividing the voters through the political party system, we can get them to expend their energies in fighting over questions of no importance. Thus by discreet action we can secure for ourselves what has been so well planned and so successfully accomplished.
Treasury Secretary Woodin, March 7, 1933
Where would we be if we had I.O.U.s scrip and certificates floating all around the country? Instead he decided to issue currency against the sound assets of the banks. The Federal Reserve Act lets us print all we’ll need. And it won’t frighten the people. It won’t look like stage money. It’ll be money that looks like real money. The Bank Holiday of 1933, p20
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the large centers has owned the government ever since the days of Andrew Jackson.
John Kenneth Galbraith
The study of money, above all other fields in economics, is one in which complexity is used to disguise truth or to evade truth, not to reveal it. Money: Whence it came, where it went — 1975, p15

The process by which banks create money is so simple that the mind is repelled. Money: Whence it came, where it went — 1975, p29
Georgetown professor Dr. Carroll Quigley (Bill Clinton’s mentor while at Georgetown)
… nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the worlds a whole … controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences.
BOB PRECHTER
I cannot morally blame all Americans for allowing, for instance, the birth of the Federal Reserve System (a private cartel with full control over the issuance of national debt) and the money destruction that has followed. They are simply ignorant about it and don’t know what happened or what is happening. They think that prices go up rather than that dollars go down. Unsound money imposes an environment of immorality, which in turn makes people behave in different ways for reasons they know not. Sometimes you can blame immorality for the imposition of bad structures (bad people do it with full knowledge of what they are doing), but sometimes it is simply stupidity. People revere democracy, but democracy ends in plunder by the majority. Are people immoral for supporting democracy? I think rather that they lack a deep understanding of its essence. At a very deep level, I would say that the reason such structures are created is due to both a lack of knowledge and a false morality, which in turn is due to a lack of knowledge.
REP. HOWARD BUFFETT
The gold standard acted as a silent watchdog to prevent ‘unlimited public spending.’ Our finances will never be brought in order until Congress is compelled to do so. Making our money redeemable in gold will create this compulsion.

…  when you recall that one of the first moves by Lenin, Mussolini, and Hitler was to outlaw individual ownership of gold, you begin to sense that there may be some connection between money, redeemable in gold, and the rare prize known as human liberty. Also, when you find that Lenin declared and demonstrated that a sure way to overturn the existing social order and bring about communism was by printing press paper money, then again you are impressed with the possibility of a relationship between a gold-backed money and human freedom.
Encyclopaedia Britannica

Banks create credit. It is a mistake to suppose that bank credit is created to any extent by the payment of money into the banks. A loan made by a bank is a clear addition to the amount of money in the community.

14th Edition
Alan Greenspan

The abandonment of the gold standard made it possible for the welfare statists to use the banking system as a means to an unlimited expansion of credit … In the absence of the gold standard, there is no way to protect savings from confiscation through inflation. There is no safe store of value … Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the ‘hidden’ confiscation of wealth … [Gold] stands as a protector of property rights.

Sheldon Emry

This is the shabby secret of the welfare statists’ tirades against gold. Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the hidden confiscation of wealth. Gold stands in the way of this insidious process. It stands as a protector of property rights. If one grasps this, one has no difficulty in understanding the statists’ antagonism toward the gold standard.

Billions for the Bankers, Debts for the People